On Suprememum of a set in A Dedikind Complete Topological Space

The supremum for a set in a multi-dimensional, Dedikind complete topological space is defined. The example is given to illustrate that the condition of Dedilind complete is necessary for the existence of supremum

Desain Proportional Integral Derrivative (Pid) Controller Pada Model Arm Robot Manipulator

Dalam rangka menuju proses industrialisasi modern di negara Indonesia, harus didukung dengan teknologi yang canggih, contoh nya adalah arm robot manipulator. sebagai pelaku proses produksi sehingga dihasilkan ketepatan,kepresisian, dan kefektifan pada proses produksi. Dengan hal tersebut dibuat sebuah desain kontrol PID pada arm robot manipulator dengan tujuan menghasilkan tingkat presisi dan kestabilan yang lebih baik. Kontroler tersebut didesain, disimulasikan, dan diaplikasikan pada hardware dengan menggunakan software MATLAB/Simulink, kemudian dianalisa kestabilannya dengan metode root locus. Akrilik digunakan sebagai material pada body arm robot. Selanjutnya komponen utama seperti, potensiometer sebagai analog input, motor DC sebagai penggerak setiap link, serta Arduino Mega 2560 sebagai mikrokontroler. Akrilik dipilih karena ringan, kuat dan tahan lama.Dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan penyempurnaan konstruksi mekanik arm robot manipulator yang sudah ada, pemasangan hardware elektronik, dan pemrograman mikrokontroler dengan menggunakan software MATLAB pada Arduino Toolbox. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, model arm robot manipulator dapat bergerak lebih smooth sesuai dengan input pergerakan potensiometer, dan berada posisi kestabilan saat dianalisa dengan menggunakan root locus

Heat Dissipation Performance of Micro-channel Heat Sink with Various Protrusion Designs

This research will focus on studying the effect of aperture size and shape of the micro-channel heat sink on heat dissipation performance for chip cooling. The micro-channel heat sink is considered to be a porous medium with fluid subject inter-facial convection. Derivation based on energy equation gives a set of governing partial differential equations describing the heat transfer through the micro-channels. Numerical simulation, including steady-state thermal analysis based on CFD software, is used to create a finite element solver to tackle the derived partial differential equations with properly defined boundary conditions related to temperature. After simulating three types of heat sinks with various protrusion designs including micro-channels fins, curly micro-channels fins, and Micro-pin fins, the result shows that the heat sink with the maximum contact area per unit volume will have the best heat dissipation performance, we will interpret the result by using the volume averaging theorem on the porous medium model of the heat sink

Advances in Gel Stability Improvement of Yoghurt

Yoghurt has high nutritional value and health-promoting functions; however, its quality defects such as whey syneresis and poor coagulation affect the sensory experience of consumers. Researchers commonly use food macromolecules to improve the gel stability and sensory properties of yoghurt by modifying the formation of gel networks or inducing the gelation of milk protein. In this review, we summarize the texture defects of yogurt, the factors influencing them, and the strategies to improve the gel stability of yogurt as well as the underlying mechanism. Also, we discuss future trends. This review will provide important guidance for improving the quality and stability of yoghurt products

Dose-effect relationship analysis of TCM based on deep Boltzmann machine and partial least squares

A dose-effect relationship analysis of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is crucial to the modernization of TCM. However, due to the complex and nonlinear nature of TCM data, such as multicollinearity, it can be challenging to conduct a dose-effect relationship analysis. Partial least squares can be applied to multicollinearity data, but its internally extracted principal components cannot adequately express the nonlinear characteristics of TCM data. To address this issue, this paper proposes an analytical model based on a deep Boltzmann machine (DBM) and partial least squares. The model uses the DBM to extract nonlinear features from the feature space, replaces the components in partial least squares, and performs a multiple linear regression. Ultimately, this model is suitable for analyzing the dose-effect relationship of TCM. The model was evaluated using experimental data from Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction and datasets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. The experimental results demonstrate that the prediction accuracy of the model based on the DBM and partial least squares method is on average 10% higher than that of existing methods

Discovery of the Consistently Well-Performed Analysis Chain for SWATH-MS Based Pharmacoproteomic Quantification

Sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH-MS) has emerged as one of the most popular techniques for label-free proteome quantification in current pharmacoproteomic research. It provides more comprehensive detection and more accurate quantitation of proteins comparing with the traditional techniques. The performance of SWATH-MS is highly susceptible to the selection of processing method. Till now, ≥27 methods (transformation, normalization, and missing-value imputation) are sequentially applied to construct numerous analysis chains for SWATH-MS, but it is still not clear which analysis chain gives the optimal quantification performance. Herein, the performances of 560 analysis chains for quantifying pharmacoproteomic data were comprehensively assessed. Firstly, the most complete set of the publicly available SWATH-MS based pharmacoproteomic data were collected by comprehensive literature review. Secondly, substantial variations among the performances of various analysis chains were observed, and the consistently well-performed analysis chains (CWPACs) across various datasets were for the first time generalized. Finally, the log and power transformations sequentially followed by the total ion current normalization were discovered as one of the best performed analysis chains for the quantification of SWATH-MS based pharmacoproteomic data. In sum, the CWPACs identified here provided important guidance to the quantification of proteomic data and could therefore facilitate the cutting-edge research in any pharmacoproteomic studies requiring SWATH-MS technique